بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

أختنا في الله في نفس المنتدى الذي كتبت فيه الشبهتين به ردهما
فنرجو قبل إدراج ضلالة مراجعة منتدى الرد على الأباطيل لعدم التكرار

موقع به شبهات وردود عن المرأة
https://saaid.net/female/sh.htm

الرد على شبهة: ناقصات عقل و دين
https://www.ebnmaryam.com/vb/t358.html

الرد على شبهة: نصف أهل النار من النساء
https://www.ebnmaryam.com/vb/t12248-post75581.html

مع ضرورة متابعة وترجمة موضوعات (المرأة في النصرانية) على الرابط التالي لتعرف أن الإسلام هو من كرم المرأة
https://www.ebnmaryam.com/vb/f128

على سبيل المثال مراجعة وترجمة المواضيع التالية عن المرأة في المسيحية
https://www.ebnmaryam.com/vb/t100297.html

https://www.ebnmaryam.com/vb/t14230.html

https://www.ebnmaryam.com/vb/t17448.html

السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته

معنى نقص العقل والدين عند النساء .

دائماً نسمع الحديث الشريف (النساء ناقصات عقل ودين) ويأتي به بعض الرجال للإساءة للمرأة . نرجو توضيح معنى الحديث ؟
الحمد لله
"معنى حديث رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : (مَا رَأَيْتُ مِنْ نَاقِصَاتِ عَقْلٍ وَدِينٍ أَذْهَبَ لِلُبِّ الرَّجُلِ الْحَازِمِ مِنْ إِحْدَاكُنَّ ، قُلْنَ : وَمَا نُقْصَانُ دِينِنَا وَعَقْلِنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ؟ قَالَ : أَلَيْسَ شَهَادَةُ الْمَرْأَةِ مِثْلَ نِصْفِ شَهَادَةِ الرَّجُلِ ؟ قُلْنَ : بَلَى ، قَالَ فَذَلِكِ مِنْ نُقْصَانِ عَقْلِهَا ، أَلَيْسَ إِذَا حَاضَتْ لَمْ تُصَلِّ وَلَمْ تَصُمْ ؟ قُلْنَ : بَلَى ، قَالَ : فَذَلِكِ مِنْ نُقْصَانِ دِينِهَا) بَيَّن صلى الله عليه وسلم أن نقصان عقلها من جهة ضعف حفظها ، وأن شهادتها تُجْبَر بشهادة امرأة أخرى ، وذلك لضبط الشهادة ، بسبب أنها قد تنسى ، فتزيد في الشهادة أو تنقصها ، كما قال سبحانه : (وَاسْتَشْهِدُوا شَهِيدَيْنِ مِنْ رِجَالِكُمْ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُونَا رَجُلَيْنِ فَرَجُلٌ وَامْرَأَتَانِ مِمَّنْ تَرْضَوْنَ مِنْ الشُّهَدَاءِ أَنْ تَضِلَّ إِحْدَاهُمَا فَتُذَكِّرَ إِحْدَاهُمَا الْأُخْرَى) البقرة/282 .
وأما نقصان دينها فلأنها في حالة الحيض والنفاس تدع الصلاة ، تدع الصوم ، ولا تقضي الصلاة ، فهذا من نقصان الدين ، ولكن هذا النقص ليست مؤاخذة عليه ، وإنما هو نقص حاصل بشرع الله عز وجل ، هو الذي شرعه عز وجل رفقاً بها ، وتيسيراً عليها ؛ لأنها إذا صامت مع وجود الحيض والنفاس يضرها ذلك ، فمن رحمة الله شرع لها ترك الصيام وقت الحيض والنفاس ، والقضاء بعد ذلك .
وأما الصلاة فإنها حال الحيض قد وجد منها ما يمنع الطهارة ، فمن رحمة الله جل وعلا أن شرع لها ترك الصلاة ، وهكذا في النفاس ، ثم شرع لها أنها لا تقضي ، لأن في القضاء مشقة كبيرة ، لأن الصلاة تتكرر في اليوم خمس مرات ، والحيض قد تكثر أيامه ، فتبلغ سبعة أيام أو ثمانية أيام أو أكثر ، والنفاس قد يبلغ أربعين يوماً ، فكان من رحمة الله لها وإحسانه إليها أن أسقط عنها الصلاة أداء وقضاء ، ولا يلزم من هذا أن يكون نقص عقلها في كل شيء ، ونقص دينها في كل شيء ، وإنما بَيَّن الرسولُ صلى الله عليه وسلم أن نقص عقلها من جهة ما قد يحصل من عدم الضبط للشهادة ، ونقص دينها من جهة ما يحصل لها من ترك الصلاة والصوم في حال الحيض والنفاس ، ولا يلزم من هذا أن تكون أيضاً دون الرجل في كل شيء ، وأن الرجل أفضل منها في كل شيء .
نعم ، جنس الرجال أفضل من جنس النساء في الجملة ، لأسباب كثيرة ، كما قال الله سبحانه وتعالى : (الرِّجَالُ قَوَّامُونَ عَلَى النِّسَاءِ بِمَا فَضَّلَ اللَّهُ بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ وَبِمَا أَنفَقُوا مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ) النساء/34 ، لكن قد تفوقه في بعض الأحيان في أشياء كثيرة ، فكم لله من امرأة فوق كثير من الرجال في عقلها ودينها وضبطها ، وإنما ورد عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أن جنس النساء دون جنس الرجال في العقل وفي الدين من هاتين الحيثيتين اللتين بينهما النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم .
وقد تكثر منها الأعمال الصالحات فتربو على كثير من الرجال في عملها الصالح ، وفي تقواها لله عز وجل ، وفي منزلتها في الآخرة ، وقد تكون لها عناية في بعض الأمور فتضبط ضبطاً كثيراً أكثر من ضبط بعض الرجال في كثير من المسائل التي تعنى بها ، وتجتهد في حفظها وضبطها فتكون مرجعاً في التاريخ الإسلامي وفي أمور كثيرة ، وهذا واضح لمن تأمل أحوال النساء في عهد النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ، وبعد ذلك .
وبهذا يعلم أن هذا النقص لا يمنع من الاعتماد عليها في الرواية ، وهكذا في الشهادة إذا انجبرت بامرأة أخرى ، ولا يمنع أيضاً تقواها لله ، وكونها من خيرة عباد الله ، ومن خيرة إماء الله إذا استقامت في دينها ، وإن سقط عنها الصوم في الحيض والنفاس أداء لا قضاء ، وإن سقطت عنها الصلاة أداء وقضاء ، فإن هذا لا يلزم منه نقصها في كل شيء من جهة تقواها لله ، ومن جهة قيامها بأمره ، ومن جهة ضبطها لما تعتني به من الأمور ، فهو نقص خاص في العقل والدين ، كما بَيَّنه النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ، فلا ينبغي للمؤمن أن يرميها بالنقص في كل شيء ، وضعف الدين في كل شيء ، وإنما ضعف خاص بدينها ، وضعف في عقلها فيما يتعلق بضبط الشهادة ونحو ذلك ، فينبغي إنصافها ، وحمل كلام النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ، على خير المحامل وأحسنها . والله تعالى أعلم" انتهى .
سماحة الشيخ عبد العزيز بن باز رحمه الله .
مجلة البحوث الإسلامية(29/100- 102) .
الإسلام سؤال وجواب
معنى نقص العقل والدين عند النساء .

Narrated Abu Said Al-Khudri:
Once Allah's Apostle went out to the Musalla (to offer the prayer) on 'Id-al-Adha or Al-Fitr prayer. Then he passed by the women and said, "O women! Give alms, as I have seen that the majority of the dwellers of Hell-fire were you (women)." They asked, "Why is it so, O Allah's Apostle?" He replied, "You curse frequently and are ungrateful to your husbands. I have not seen anyone MORE DEFICIENT IN INTELLIGENCE and religion than you. A cautious sensible man could be led astray by some of you." The women asked, "O Allah's Apostle! What is deficient in our intelligence and religion?" He said, "Is not the evidence of two women equal to the witness of one man?" They replied in the affirmative. He said, "This is the deficiency in her intelligence. Isn't it true that a woman can neither pray nor fast during her menses?" The women replied in the affirmative. He said, "This is the deficiency in her religion." (Sahih al-Bukhari, Volume 1, Book 6, Number 301)

So the Messenger (sal-Allaahu 'alayhe wa sallam) clarified that the deficiency of her intellect was from the angle of her weak memory and that her testimony is strengthened with the testimony of another woman. This is because of the preciseness of the witness (in Islaam) and because she could forget and make an addition or deletion to the testimony. Just as Allah says:

{And bring forth two witnesses from your own men. If there are not two men (available) then a man and two women, such as you agree for witnesses, so that if one of them (two women) errs then the other can remind her…} [2282]

As for deficiency in her Deen, then it is because during her state of menstruation and post-partum bleeding, she abandons the Salaat and fasting, and she doesn’t make up the salaat. This is from the deficiency in her Deen. But this deficiency is not blameworthy upon her. Rather it is a deficiency, which happens as a result of that which Allaah had decreed for her and this was done in a manner of leniency and easiness towards her. For if she were to fast in a state of menstruation or in a state of postpartum bleeding it would harm her. So from the Mercy of Allaah (towards women) He has legislated for her to abandon the fast at the time when she is menstruating or in a state of Nifaas, and to make up the fast afterwards.

As for the salaat, then without a doubt, the state of menstruation prevents her from purification. So from the mercy of Allaah, He legislated for her to abandon her prayer and likewise in the state of Nifaas. He also legislated for her not to make it up, because in making up the (Salaat) is difficulty, because the Salaat is tremendous, and repetitious, five times throughout the night and day, and the days of menstruation can be plentiful, sometimes seven or eight days or more than that. And the Nifaas could reach 40 days. So from the mercy of Allaah upon her and from His Ihsaan (doing good) towards her is that He removed the Salaat from her whether it be the initial Salaat or the make-up. And this does not necessitate that her intelligence is deficient in everything! Nor that her Deen is deficient in everything!

But indeed the Messenger (peace be upon him) clarified that the deficiency in her intelligence is from that which happens to her from the lack of precision in her memory and testimony, and that the deficiency in her Deen is from the fact that she leaves off the prayer and fasting at the time of her menses or in the state of Nifaas. Also this doesn’t necessitate that she is less than a man in everything! or the fact that the man is better in everything! Yes, generally the male gender is better than the gender of the females generally for many reasons. Just as Allaah the High and Sublime says:

{Men are the protectors and maintainers of women, because Allaah has made one of them to excel the other, and because they spend their wealth (to support them)…} [434]

Allah knows best
for more
https://www.answering-christianity.co...d_religion.htm

Why two women equal to the witness of one man

"... so that if one of them errs, the other can remind her ..." (Quran 2:282)

Jill Goldstein, a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School says:

"When I was growing up, to say there were sex differences in the brain, you weren't even supposed to talk about it," said Goldstein. "I think we're living in a time now when we can look at what some of these differences are without saying they are necessarily deterministic."

Dr Richard Restak, American neurologist:

"It seems unrealistic to deny any longer the existence of male and female brain differences. Just as there are physical dissimilarities between male and females . . . there are equally dramatic differences in brain functioning".

Let us just concentrate on the differences in recalling ability between man and woman. Sex differences have been noted in the comparative memory of men and women. Women can store, for short periods at least, more irrelevant and random information but men will organised the information in some coherent form, or has specific relevance to them. This male advantage in seeing patterns and abstract relationships - what could be called general strategic rather than detailed tactical thinking - perhaps explains the male dominance of chess, even in a country like the U.S.S.R, where the game is a national sport played by both sexes.

Harvard University President Lawrence H. Summers created a maelstrom when he suggested recently that innate differences in sex may explain why fewer women succeed in science and math careers. He has since apologized for any misunderstanding his remarks may have caused. But is there any truth to the idea that men's and women's brains are, in fact, different?

On average, men perform better than women at certain spatial tasks. In particular, men seem to have an advantage in tests that require the subject to imagine rotating an object or manipulating it in some other way. They also outperform women in mathematical reasoning tests and in navigating their way through a route. So, man is more likely to be more confident in his testimony than the woman so she needs another woman to boost morale.

A study of male and female students (aged 18-25) has found that men's brain cells can transmit nerve impulses 4% faster than women's, probably due to the faster increase of white matter in the male brain during adolescence. It has, of course, long been suggested that women are intellectually inferior because their brains are smaller. A study involving the intelligence testing of 100 neurologically normal, terminally ill volunteers found that a bigger brain size is indeed correlated with higher intelligence and in this case perhaps memory.

An imaging study of 48 men and women between 18 and 84 years old found that, compared with women, men had more than six times the amount of intelligence-related gray matter. On the other hand, women had about nine times more white matter involved in intelligence than men did. Women also had a large proportion of their IQ-related brain matter (86% of white and 84% of gray) concentrated in the frontal lobes, while men had 90% of their IQ-related gray matter distributed equally between the frontal lobes and the parietal lobes, and 82% of their IQ-related white matter in the temporal lobes.

Depression appears to be twice as common in women as in men while women with schizophrenia seem to suffer less cognitive difficulties than men with the condition. "Nearly all neurodevelopmental diseases are either more common in one gender or more severe among one gender", says Nancy Forger of the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. And her claimed is supported by Forger, "Clearly, if we can understand what's different about male and female brains, then we can understand why one sex is more susceptible to a disease." How does the disease (emotion since we are talking about depression) has effect on memory?

Yes, it does affect the memory. Two main aspects to this. One is that stress hormones, such as cortisol, interact with the amygdala. The other is that the amygdala can alter the activity of other brain regions. One of the ways in which it does this is by acting on consolidation processes (principally in the hippocampus).

Emotions might affect memory encoding is through working memory. It has been suggested that, in the case of anxiety, part of working memory may be taken up with our awareness of fears and worries, leaving less capacity available for processing.

Women are better at remembering emotional memories. They also seem to be more likely to forget information presented immediately before emotionally charged information. This suggests that women are more affected by emotional content - a suggestion compatible with the finding that women and men tend to encode emotional experiences in different parts of the brain.

Read more about it here:

1. "BRAIN SEX: The real difference between men and women"; Anne Moir, Ph.D. and David Jessel.
Dell Publishing (paperback), New York, 1992.https://www.theabsolute.net/misogyny/brainsx.html


2. "Sex differences in the brain", By Doreen Kimura

https://www.walterwatts.com/images/1485020.pdf


3. "Scientists Find Sex Differences in Brain: Controversial Research Revealing Differences Between Men and Women"; Amanda Onion
https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/Hea...=424260&page=1

4. "Gender differences in cognition."; McPherson, F. 2006
https://www.memory-key.com/NatureofMemory/gender.htm

5. "The role of emotion in memory"; McPherson, F. 2004

https://www.memory-key.com/NatureofMemory/emotion.htm