سلسلة الكائنات الاسطورية في الكتاب المقدس

[محمد سني 1989]

الجزء الثاني : ليليث او الغولة !!!

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

نقرا في اشعياء 34 ترجمة الفاندايك :
14 وَتُلاَقِي وُحُوشُ الْقَفْرِ بَنَاتِ آوَى، وَمَعْزُ الْوَحْشِ يَدْعُو صَاحِبَهُ. هُنَاكَ يَسْتَقِرُّ اللَّيْلُ وَيَجِدُ لِنَفْسِهِ مَحَّلًا.

كلمة الليل هنا تحريف و تدليس وقد اختلف المترجمون

فنجد ان بعض الترجمات قد رقعت المعنى و ذكرت ان المراد به هي البومة الليلية !!!

نقرا من ترجمة الملك جيمس
The wild beasts of the desert shall also meet with the wild beasts of the island, and the satyr shall cry to his fellow; the screech owl also shall rest there, and find for herself a place of rest.

بينما نجد تراجم اخرى كانت اشد جراة و ذكرت المعنى الصحيح او ما يقرب منه

ترجمة الحياة السارة:
14تـتلاقى الوحوشُ وبناتُ آوى ويتَنادَى مَعَزُ الوحشِ إليها. هُناكَ تستَقِرُّ الغُولُ‌ وتجِدُ لنَفسِها مَقاما.


و نقرا ايضا من ترجمة International Standard Version
And desert creatures will meet with hyenas, and goat-demons will call out to each other. There also Liliths will settle, and find for themselves a resting place.


و هذا الاخير هو الترجمة الصحيحة كما سنبين

و ليليث هي كائنة اسطورية خرافية كانت شعوب بلاد ما بين النهرين تؤمن انها مخلوقة تاتي في الليل للرجال لتغويهم و تقتل الاطفال الصغار و قد تنامت هذه الاسطورة بين شعوب بلاد ما بين النهرين و شعوب منطقة الهلال الخصيب بشكل كبير الى ان مكانها في طيات اسفار الكتاب المقدس !!!

و للتاكيد على ان النص يتكلم عن هذه المخلوقة و ليس عن اي شيء اخر فاننا ندعم مقولتنا بالدلائل الاتية :

1. استعمال النص العبري للكلمة التي لا تدل الا على هذه المخلوقة الاسطورية .

النص العبري لاشعياء 34: 14
וּפָגְשׁוּ צִיִּים אֶת־אִיִּים וְשָׂעִיר עַל־רֵעֵהוּ יִקְרָא אַךְ־שָׁם הִרְגִּיעָה לִּילִית וּמָצְאָה לָהּ מָנֹֽוחַ

الكلمة المستخدمة هنا :לִילִית

نقرا من معجم Brown-Driver-Briggs
לִילִית noun feminine Lilith (Milton Che night-hag), name of a female night-demon haunting desolate Edom; probably borrowed from Babylonian, Isaiah 34:14 (Late Hebrew id.; Assyrian lilîtu, DlHWB 377; Syriac PS1951; on the development of legends of Lilith in later Judaism, see BuxLex. Talmud., under the word Cheon the passage GrünbaumZMG xxxi.1877, 250 f. — Connexion with לילה perhaps only apparent, a popular etymology).
https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3917.htm


و نقرا من معجم Gesenius' Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon




https://www.blueletterbible.org/lang...gs=H3917&t=DBY

ملاحظة :
حاول صاحب المعجم الاخير ان يتهرب من الحقيقة فقد فسر معناها اللغوي اولا بانها تعني ليليث الكائنة الليلية الاسطورية الغامضة الا انه انكر ان يكون هذا هو المعنى في سياق الكتاب المقدس و السبب ... لان الكتاب المقدس كلام الله و لا يصح ان يكون فيه مثل هذه الكائنات الاسطورية !!!!
لاحظوا كيف جعل اعتقاده اساس انكاره للمعنى الواضح خاصة بعد ان فسرها كذلك في البداية !!!!


2. اقرار شراح الكتاب المقدس على المعنى الذي ذكرناه .

نقرا من JOHN JILL'S EXPOSITION OF THE BIBLE
the screech owl also shall rest there, and find for herself a place
of rest;
there being no inhabitants to disturb her. By the name "Lilith", it appears to be a night bird, which flies and is heard in the night. The Jews call a she demon by this name, which, they say {s}, has a human face, and has wings, and destroys children as soon as born; and therefore the Jews, especially in Germany, write upon the four corners of the bed of a new mother, Adam, Eve, out Lilith F20; the same with the Lamia of the Romans; and so the Vulgate Latin here renders it.
https://www.biblestudytools.com/comm...iah-34-14.html


نقرا من COMMENTARY CRITICAL AND EXPLANATORY ON THE WHOLE BIBLE
14. wild beasts of the desert . . . island--rather, "wild cats . . . jackals" ( Isaiah 13:21 ).
screech owl--rather, "the night specter"; in Jewish superstition a female, elegantly dressed, that carried off children by night. The text does not assert the existence of such objects of superstition, but describes the place as one which superstition would people with such beings.

https://www.biblestudytools.com/comm...isaiah-34.html


و نقرا من Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers (يصفها انها مصاصة دماء !!!!!)
(14) The wild beasts of the desert . . .--Better, wild cats or hyenas shall meet wolves. The nouns that follow belong, apparently, to the region of mythical zoology. The English "satyr" expresses fairly enough the idea of a "demon-brute" haunting the waste places of the palaces of Edom, while the "screech-owl" is the Lilith, the she-vampire, who appears in the legends of the Talmud as having been Adam's first wife, who left him and was turned into a demon. With the later Jews, Lilith, as sucking the blood of children, was the bugbear of the nursery. Night-vampire would, perhaps, be the best rendering.

https://biblehub.com/isaiah/34-14.htm


و نقرا من Pulpit Commentary
Verse 14. - Wild beasts of the desert... wild beasts of the island. In the original, tsiyim and 'iyim - "wailers" and "howlers" - probably jackals and wolves, or wolves and hyenas." The satyr (see the comment on Isaiah 13:21). The screech owl The word here used, lilith, occurs only in this place. It may be doubted whether any bird, or other animal, is meant. Lilit was the name of a female demon, or wicked fairy, in whom the Assyrians believed - a being thought to vex and persecute her victims in their sleep. The word is probably a derivative from leilah, night, and designates" the spirit of the night" - a mischievous being, who took advantage of the darkness to play fantastic tricks. A Jewish legend made Lilith the first wife of Adam, and said that, having pronounced the Divine Name as a charm, she was changed into a devil. It was her special delight to murder young children (Buxtorf, 'Lex. Rabbin.,' ad roe.). The prophets, when they employ poetic imagery, are not tied down to fact, but are free to use the beliefs of their contemporaries in order to heighten the force of their descriptions.
https://biblehub.com/isaiah/34-14.htm


نقرا من BARNE'S NOTES
The screech-owl - Margin, 'Night-monster.' The word לילית lı̂ylı̂yt (from ליל layil, night) properly denotes a night-spectre - a creature of Jewish superstition. The rabbis describe it in the form of a female elegantly dressed that lay in wait for children at night - either to carry them off, or to murder them. The Greeks had a similar idea respecting the female ἔμπουτα empouta, and this idea corresponds to the Roman fables respecting the Lamice, and Striges, and to the Arabic notions of the Ghules, whom they described as female monsters that dwell in deserts, and tear men to pieces (see Gesenius, Com. in loc; and Bochart, Hieroz. ii. 831). The margin in our version expresses the correct idea. All this is descriptive of utter and perpetual desolation - of a land that should be full of old ruins, and inhabited by the animals that usually make such ruins their abode.
https://biblehub.com/commentaries/isaiah/34-14.htm



3. اعتراف الموسوعة اليهودية و التلمود و المدراش (نقلا من الموسوعة اليهودية) :
نقرا من الموسوعة اليهودية :
Female demon. Of the three Assyrian demons Lilu, Lilit, and Ardat Lilit, the second is referred to in Isa. xxxiv. 14. Schrader ("Jahrb. für Protestantische Theologie," i. 128)takes Lilith to be a goddess of the night; she is said to have been worshiped by the Jewish exiles in Babylon (Levy, in "Z. D. M. G." ix. 470, 484). Sayce ("Hibbert Lectures," pp. 145 et seq.), Fossey ("La Magie Assyrienne," pp. 37 et seq.), and others think that "Lilith" is not connected with the Hebrew "layil" (night), but that it is the name of a demon of the storm, and this view is supported by the cuneiform inscriptions quoted by them. It must, however, be assumed that the resemblance to the Semitic "layil" materially changed the conception of Lilith among the Semites, and especially among the Jews. No definite conclusions can be drawn from the passage in Isaiah, where it is said of the devastated palaces of Edom that wild animals shall dwell in them "and the satyr shall cry to his fellow; the screech-owl also shall rest there, and find for herself a place of rest" (Isa. xxxiv. 14; see Cheyne's note ad loc.). Baudissin connects Lilith with Zech. v. 9.
......In Talmud and Midrash.
Lilith is more fully described in post-Biblical literature, where she appears as a demon of the night, as suggested by her Hebrew name. Three classes of demons are mentioned: spirits, devils, and "lilin" (Targ. Yer. to Deut. xxxii. 24; Targ. Sheni to Esth. i. 3; passim). The first have neither body nor form; the second appear in complete human shape; the third in human shape, but with wings (Rashi to Sanh. 109a). Adam procreated all the spirits while he was under a spell (Gen. R. xx. 11; 'Er. 18b). Similarly, Eve bore demons to male spirits for the space of 130 years. This corresponds to the view that the demons are half human (Ḥag. 16a). Hence an abortion which has the shape of Lilith may be a child, though it has wings (Nid. 24b). Lilith is a seductive woman with long hair ('Er. 100b); she is the Queen of Zemargad (Targ. Job i. 15; comp. Bacher and Kohut [see bibliography]); Ahriman is her son (B. B. 73a). She goes about at night, fastening herself upon any one sleeping alone in a room (Shab. 151b). "The Lord will protect thee" (Num. vi. 24) means, according to Targ. Yer., ". . . from lilin." The meteor-stone is her arrow and is a remedy against disease (Giṭ. 69b). Kohut's assumption that Agrat bat Maḥlat ("daughter of the dancer"), who roams at night with myriads of demons (Pes. 112b, bottom), is the queen of the lilin, is not verified. King Solomon, who commanded all spirits, had the lilin dance before him (Targ. Sheni Esth. i. 3).
http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/9986-lilith


4. التفاسير اليهودية (تفسير راشي كمثال واحد فقط ):
نقرا من تفسير راشي لنص اشعياء 34 : 14
.lilith: The name of a female demon.
https://www.chabad.org/library/bible...showrashi=true


فنجد اذا مما سبق ان ليليث المذكورة في النص هي كائنة اسطورية موجودة في عقائد البابليين و الاشوريين و قد تاثر اليهود بمثل هذه الخرافات زمن السبي فادخلوها في اسفار الكتاب المقدس !!!! فمنهم من جعلها نصف انسان و الباقي شيطان و منهم من اضاف لها اجنحة و منهم من جعلها مصاصة دماء ليلية تقتل الاطفال الصغار و تغوي الرجال و منهم من جعلوها زوجة ادم عليه الصلاة و السلام الاولى !!!!


هذا وصلى الله على سيدنا محمد و على اله وصحبه وسلم

يتبع