1. The Rights of a Ruler towards the Public

This right is simply based on the contents of the verse of the Glorious Qur'ân, Sura Nisa (The Women) 4:59 the meaning of which is translated as:“ Oh you who believe! Obey Allah, and obey the Messenger, and those charged with authority among you”.

The followings are some of the directives required from a Muslim to observe:
Obedience to the ruler so long as he does not command to do an evil act. This is based on the instructions of Allah's Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him):“ Listen and obey, even if a slave man from Ethiopia has been appointed [as a ruler] so long as he acts according to the Divine Book of Allah”[61].


Therefore, a Muslim ruler's obedience, who is acting in accordance with the Divine Book of Allah, is an extension to the obedience of Allah (subhanahu wa ta'ala) , and vise versa. Any act of disobedience to the commands of a ruler, who is acting in accordance to the Book of Allah (subhanahu wa ta'ala) , is, in reality, an act of disobedience to Allah (subhanahu wa ta'ala).


Extending and offering a sincere advice: A Muslim leader must be offered sincere advice for the welfare of the community. A Muslim ruler must be given good counsel that benefits him, the community and the entire nation. A Muslim ruler must be reminded about the essential needs that are lacking for public. This is based on the directives in the Glorious Qur'ân, Sura Taha 20:44 the meaning of which is translated as:“ But speak to him mildly; perhaps he may take warning or fear (Allah)”. The followers and peoples must support a Muslim ruler during crises. Muslim is commanded to comply with their leader/governor and not forsake him and not even provoke people against him in order to instigate troubles and evils. Aside from the fact that one has not given his pledges of allegiance to that ruler, he must not defect from a leader during troublesome times. This is based on the instruction of Allah's Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him):“ If a person comes to you, while a single leader, attempting to split your unity, then kill him”[62].