Sinapisarvensis L. charlock mustard
معلومات عن حجم بذرة الخردل و اقصى احجام لشجيرات بعض اصنافها :
Botanical Source.—Sinapis alba is an annual plant, with a thinly hirsute stem, 2 to 5 feet high. The leaves are smoothish, lyrately pinnate, irregularly dentate, rugged, and pale-green; the lower lobes oblong and deeper; the terminal larger. Flowers large, pale-yellow; petals ovate, with straight claws; sepals linear, green, equal at base, and spreading. The siliques or pods are spreading, hispid, torose at the place of the seeds, nerved, shorter than the compressed, ensiform beak, about 4-seeded. The seeds are globose, large, and pale (W.—L.).
كما ترى توصف بانها نباتات حوليه و المتخصص يعرف ان النباتات الحوليه لا يمكن ان تكون اشجار و لكنها على اقصى تقدير شجيرات اذا لم تكن اعشاب و ايضا يوضح انها لا يتعدى طولها 2: 5 قدم اى 61: 152.5 سنتيمتر اى لا تتعدى متر و نص .
Sinapis nigra is also an annual plant, with a round, smooth, striate, branching stem, 3 to 6 feet high. The lower leaves are large, lyrate, rough, variously lobed, and dentate; the upper linear-lanceolate, smooth, entire, and pendulous; all petiolate. Flowers small, sulphur-yellow; calyx spreading; petals obovate. Pods very numerous, nearly an inch long, bluntly quadrangular, nearly even and smooth, appressed close to the rachis of the raceme, tipped by a small, short, 4-sided style, but wholly destitute of the ensiform beak of the above species. The seeds are numerous, small, globose, blackish-brown, and veined (L.—W.).
و هذا صنف اخر ايضا يصنف من النباتات الحوليه و يجب ان اشير الى ان النباتات الحوليه معناها انها تستمر سنه واحده او موسم واحد ثم تموت و يجدد زراعتها مره اخرى فى الموسم القادم و لا اعرف كيف لنبات حولى صغير يكون مأوى لطيور السماء كما يقول الكتاب .
De******ion.—These plants are indigenous to Europe, and have been introduced into this country, where they are cultivated for use, and are found growing in old fields and waste places, flowering in June and July. The U. .S. P. describes White mustard-seed as "about 2 Mm. (1/12 inch) in diameter, almost globular, with a circular hilum; testa yellowish, finely pitted, hard; embryo oily, with a curved radical, and 2 cotyledons, one folded over the other; free from starch; inodorous; taste pungent and acrid"—(U. S. P.). Black mustard-seed is "about 1 Mm. (1/25 inch) in diameter, almost globular, with a circular hilum; testa blackish-brown or grayish-brown, finely pitted, hard; embryo oily, with a curved radical, and 2 cotyledons, one folded over the other; free from starch; inodorous when dry, but when triturated with water, of a pungent, penetrating, irritating odor; taste pungent and acrid"—(U. S. P.). Both kinds of mustard-seeds are employed in medicine, in the form of flour, and the white seed is likewise used entire. Table mustard is prepared from the white seed, but the finest quality is prepared with the purest flour of both the white and black, in nearly equal quantities. Wheat flour is sometimes added to diminish the pungency, and turmeric has been added to improve the color. (AJP1871) The medicinal flour of mustard should be made with the black and white seeds only, without any adulteration.
و هنا يوضح ان حجم البذور 1 مليمتر او 2 مليمتر
و هذة صوره لهذا النوع من الخردل :
http://www.henriettesherbal.com/pictures/p13/pages/sinapis-alba.htm
http://www.henriettesherbal.com/pictures/p13/pages/sinapis-alba-1.htm
و الان دعونا نستعرض نبات اخر و هو نبات الاوركيد الذى قد يكون مفتاح حل اللغز!
الاوركيد
تصنيف الاوركيد نباتيا :
http://plants.usda.gov/****/ClassificationServlet?source=profile&symbol=IPSPO2 &display=31
Classification for Kingdom Plantae Down to Subspecies
Ipomopsisspicata (Nutt.) V.
Grant ssp. orchidacea (Brand) Wilken & R.L. Hartman
Click on names to expand them, and on P for PLANTS profiles.
Up to the Kingdom
و هنا تجد العنوان المفاجاءه :
http://fusion.sas.upenn.edu/caterpillar/viewimage.cfm?id=1105&lecture=23&slide=51
the smallest seeds
An orchid fruit commonly contains millions of seeds, each hardly larger than a grain of sand - hear falling out of a mature orchid fruit. They are wind-dispersed, and are so light that they float about in airspace almost like dust. They must, because once they have fallen below the branches on which they must alight if to survive, they are simply dead. There is very strong selection for aerial bouyancy. But if the seed is so small, how does the seedling get enought nutrients to survive (exposed on a tree branch high in the canopy, it has potentially plenty of sunlight but nutrients are not exactly abundant on a bare tree branch 30 meters above the soil)? Its first tiny roots grow in response to chemicals released by fungi growing on the surface of the tree branch. Fungi have the problem of not being photosynthetic, so they cannot harvest the sunﾒs energy directly. The fungus forms an association with the newly germinating orchid seedling, an association that lasts for life. The fungus collects scarce minerals from the tree bark, debris, animal feces, dust, etc., which it exchanges for sugars being made by the photosynthetic orchid. Orchid breeders have long ago learned this trick, and either germinate their orchid seeds on a mat of the right kind of fungus, or on nutrient-enriched agar, or both (and, in commercial production, generally produce new plants vegetatively from cuttings of established plants rather than grow every plant from seed
الترجمة التفسيرية :
أصغر البذور
ثمرة الاوركيد تحتوى على ملايين البذور و كل منها اكبر قليلا جدا من حبة رمل و تسقط من الثمره الناضجه و هى تتطاير مع الهواء مثل الغبار .
كما ترى ان بذرة الاوركيد مثل الغبار و لكن دعونا نكمل لنتأكد
و تأكيد لا يدع مجال للشك فى الاجابه على السؤال ما هى اصغر البذور على الارض ؟ لنستعرض الموقع التالى :
http://diogenesii.wordpress.com/2007/06/22/what-is-the-smallest-seed-in-the-world/
What is the smallest seed in the world?
HINT: It’s not the mustard seed!
The orchid Gomesa crispa.
The world’s smallest seeds, which have no endosperm and contain underdeveloped embryos, are produced by certain epiphytic orchids (family Orchidaceae) in the tropical rainforest. Some seeds are only 1/300th of an inch (85 micrometers) long, which is below the resolving power of the unaided human eye. One seed weighs only 1/35,000,000th of an ounce (0.81 micrograms). Orchid seeds are dispersed into the air like minute dust particles and come to rest in the upper canopy of rainforest trees, where they eventually germinate.
الترجمه تفسيريه :
ما هى اصغر البذور فى العالم ؟
لمحه : انها ليست بذور الخردل .
بذرة الاوركيد هى اصغر البذور فى العالم وهى لا تحتوى على اندوسبيرم (قشره داخليه ) بداخلها ولكن تحتوى على جنين فى مرحلة تطور ..
وهى من اسرة الاركيدا بالمناطق الاستوائيه البذور طولها 1/300 من البوصه 85 ميكروولا ترى بالعين المجرده (ترى تحت الميكروسكوب ) و البذره الواحده وزنها 1/35000 من الاونص ( 0. 81 ميكروجرام ) .
بذور الاوركيد تنتشر فى الهواء مثل الغبار و تستقر تحت الاشجار الاستوائيه حيث تبداء فى النمو .
و هكذا يتضح الامر بما لا يدع مجال للشك ان بذور الخردل هى ليست اصغر البذور و لكنها بذور الاوركيد .
و دعونا ننهى هذا البحث بهذة المقارنه و نترك الحكم للمسافر على خطوطنا العقليه للوصول الى بلاد الحقائق :
http://waynesword.palomar.edu/plfeb96.htm
كما ترى فى الصوره هذة مقارنه بين بذور الخردل و بذور الاوركيد و بجانبها بعض الاشياء للمقارنه مثل حبات الملح و الحكم نتركه للباحث عن الحقيقه .
رد مع اقتباس
المفضلات