الجزء الاول : رسالة يهوذا 1: 14- 15 (نبوءة اخنوخ)

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

نقرا من رسالة يهوذ الاصحاح الاول (الترجمة العربية المشتركة):
14وأنبأَ عَنهُم أخْنوخُ سابِــــــعُ الآباءِ مِنْ آدَمَ حينَ قالَ: «اَنظُروا! جاءَ الرّبّ معَ أُلوفِ قِدّيسيهِ
15ليُحاسِبَ جميعَ البَشَرِ ويَدينَ الأشرارَ جميعًا على كُلّ شَرّ فَعَلوهُ وكُلّ كَلِمَةِ سُوءٍ قالَها علَيهِ هَؤُلاءِ الخاطِئونَ الفُجّارُ».

نقول : ان نبوءة اخنوخ هذه غير موجودة في جميع العهد القديم و لكنها مقتبسة من سفر اخنوخ الاول
نقرا من سفر اخنوخ الاول الاصحاح الاول :
9. And behold! He cometh with ten thousands of ⌈His⌉ holy onesTo execute judgement upon all,
And to destroy ⌈all⌉ the ungodly: And to convict all flesh
Of all the works ⌈of their ungodliness⌉ which they have ungodly committed,
And of all the hard things which ungodly sinners ⌈have spoken⌉ against Him.
http://www.bahaistudies.net/asma/enoch1c.pdf

و قد اعترف بهذا الاقتباس جماعة من اباء الكنيسة في القرون النصرانية الاولى و ان كاتب رسالة يهوذا اقتبس النص من سفر اخنوخ الابوكريفي :

نقرا من قاموس الكتاب المقدس :
(( ويقول كاتب سفر أخنوخ أن " ابن الإنسان " كان موجودا قبل خلق العالم أنظر ص 48: 2 و 3 وأنه سيدين العالم أنظر ص 69: 27 وأنه سيملك على الشعب البار أنظر ص 62: 1 - 6.ويقتبس كاتب رسالة يهوذا في عددي 14 و 15 سفر أخنوخ ص 1: 9. وكذلك يوجد لبعض الأقوال الخاصة بأواخر الأيام في العهد الجديد ما يقابلها في سفر أخنوخ. وقد اقتبس بعض الآباء في العصور المسيحية الأولى بعض أقوال هذا السفر. ومن بين هؤلاء جاستن الشهيد وأرينيوس وأكليمندوس الإسكندري وأوريجانوس.
ولكن قادة المسيحيين فيما بعد أنكروا هذا الكتاب ورفضوه. ومن بين هؤلاء يوحنا فم الذهب وأغسطينوس وجيروم أو أورينيموس. ولم يعتبر اليهود أو المسيحيون هذا الكتاب ضمن الأسفار القانونية. ))
https://st-takla.org/Full-Free-Copti...A/A_121_1.html

و اعترف بهذاالاقتباس نقاد و مفسري الكتاب المقدس :

نقرا من تفسير ادم كلارك :
Enoch also, the seventh from Adam - He was the seventh patriarch, and is distinguished thus from Enoch, son of Cain, who was but the third from Adam; this appears plainly from the genealogy, Ch1 1:1 : Adams Seth, Enosh, Kenan, Mahalaleel, Jered, Henoch or Enoch, etc. Of the book of Enoch, from which this prophecy is thought to have been taken, much has been said; but as the work is apocryphal, and of no authority, I shall not burden my page with extracts. See the preface.
Perhaps the word προεφητευσε, prophesied, means no more than preached, spoke, made declarations, etc., concerning these things and persons; for doubtless he reproved the ungodliness of his own times. It is certain that a book of Enoch was known in the earliest ages of the primitive Church, and is quoted by Origen and Tertullian; and is mentioned by St. Jerome in the Apostolical Constitutions, by Nicephorus, Athanasius, and probably by St. Augustine

https://www.sacred-texts.com/bib/cmt/clarke/jde001.htm

نقرا من PULPIT COMMENTARY :
Near the beginning of that remarkable specimen of ancient apocalyptic literature, the Book of Enoch (chapter 1:9), we find these words, "And behold, he comes with myriads of the holy, to pass judgment upon them, and will destroy the impious, and will call to account all flesh for everything the sinners and the impious have done and committed against him" (Schodde's rendering). This is the passage which Jude quotes. He does so, however, with some modification; for the original, as we now have it, does not contain any reference to the "hard speeches" of the men of impiety. The book itself has had a singular history. Some acquaintance with it is discovered as early as the 'Epistle of Barnabas,' the 'Book of Jubilees,' and the 'Testament of the Twelve Patriarchs.' It was freely used by the Fathers of the first five centuries. Though never formally recognized as canonical, it was in great esteem, largely accepted as a record of revelations, and regarded as the work of Enoch. It disappeared after Augustine's time, the only traces of its existence being some references to it in the writings of Syncellus and Nicephorus.
https://biblehub.com/jude/1-14.htm

ونقرا من الترجمة الرهبانية اليسوعية في هامش الصفحة 789 :
(( (17) استشهاد شبه حرفي بنص اخنوخ 1/ 9 اليوناني))


file:///Users/MacbookPro/Downloads/المقدس الطبعة اليسوعية (2).pdf

وقد حاول بعضهم النفي قائلين ان الاقتباس لم يتم من سفر اخنوخ و لكن من تراث شفهي يهودي موجود حينها (و هذا بطريقة او اخرى يثبت حجية بعض التراث الشفهي على الاقل و ان هناك حقا خارج العهد القديم ايضا ) :

نقرا من GILL'S EXPOSITION OF THE ENTIRE BIBLE :
that Enoch wrote a prophecy, and left it behind him in writing, does not appear from hence, or elsewhere; the Jews, in some of their writings, do cite and make mention of the book of Enoch; and there is a fragment now which bears his name, but is a spurious piece, and has nothing like this prophecy in it; wherefore Jude took this not from a book called the "Apocalypse of Enoch", but from tradition; this prophecy being handed down from age to age; and was in full credit with the Jews, and therefore the apostle very appropriately produces it; or rather he had it by divine inspiration, and is as follows:
saying, behold, the Lord cometh with ten thousand of his saints; by the
https://biblehub.com/commentaries/jude/1-14.htm

و نقرا من Matthew Poole's Commentary
And Enoch also, the seventh from Adam; either to distinguish him from Enoch the son of Cain, or to show the antiquity of the prophecy.
Prophesied; he doth not say wrote, and therefore from hence it cannot be proved that there was any such book as Enoch’s prophecies, received by the Jews as canonical Scripture; but rather some prophecy of his delivered to them by tradition, to which here the apostle refers, as a thing known among them; and so argues against these heretics from their own concession, as Jude 1:9. So here; q. d. These men own the prophecy of Enoch, that the Lord comes to judgment, &c., and they themselves are in the number of those ungodly ones, and they to whom the prophecy is to be applied.
https://biblehub.com/commentaries/jude/1-14.htm

و لكن مع هذا فان النقاد ردوا هذه الفرضية ايضا - فرضية ان الاقتباس لم يتم من سفر اخنوخ و لكن من تراث شفهي موجود في زمان كتابة الرسالة- و اكدوا ان نص رسالة يهوذا 14 و 15 يعد اقتباسا مباشرا من سفر اخنوخ االاصحاح الاول العدد التاسع و انه على عكس ما يدعيه البعض فانه كان موجودا و معروفا حتى قبل زمان المسيح عليه الصلاة و السلام بمائة سنة

نقرا من Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
14. And Enoch also, the seventh from Adam, prophesied of these …] The words that follow are almost a verbal quotation from the Apocryphal Book of Enoch. As that work had probably been in existence for a century before St Jude wrote, and was easily accessible, it is more natural to suppose that he quoted here, as in previous instances, what he thought edifying, than to adopt either of the two strained hypotheses, (1) that the writer had received what he quotes through a tradition independent of the Book of Enoch, that tradition having left no trace of itself in any of the writings of the Old Testament, or (2) that he was guided by a special inspiration to set the stamp of authenticity upon the one genuine prophecy which the apocryphal writer had imbedded in a mass of fantastic inventions
https://biblehub.com/commentaries/jude/1-14.htm

هذا وصلى الله على سيدنا محمد و على اله وصحبه وسلم