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1948
Jewish in Palestine pre 1948
The first Jewish colonialism in Palestine in 1837 was funded by Moses Montverde
a wealthy British Jew who established the first Jewish settlement in Palestine,
during the rule of Egyptian governor Mohammed Ali. Later on, Montverde
was able to get guarantees from the Ottoman state including protection and privileges
The number of the Jewish people in Palestine reached 1500 in 1860 and
increased to10 thousand in1881. The majority of Jewish people were concentrated in Jerusalem
In 1859 they made their first attempt to settle in Palestine
by setting up the first Jewish neighborhood called
Binyamin Moshe to honor Mr. Montverde who attained the
Ottoman Firman (decree) in 1855 allowing him to buy the land and construct a hospital
In 1859, the hospital was transformed into populace residences
for the Jews which became the first Jewish neighborhood in
Jerusalem, located out side the old citys boundaries.
The first immigration wave (1882 - 1903):
It occurred in two stages: The first from1882 to 1884 and the second
from1890 to 1891. During this emigration about 25 thousand Jews
came to Palestine, most of them from limited income families from Romania and Russia.
The Zionist sources point out that this emigration was organized
and financed by the Zion Lovers Society association and Belo movement
The second immigration wave during (1904 - 1918):
The World Zionist Organization took charge of emigration and settling
affairs in Palestine. The number of Jewish immigrants was 40 thousand
who were mostly jobless Russian and Romanian youths. Later, they
were enlisted in the armed forces.
In the period between 1911 and 1912, about 1500 Yemeni Jews arrived
to Palestine and were distributed at Zionist agricultural settlements.
The Jewish Immigration during the British Mandate (1919-1948):
During this period which took place between 1919 & 1948, a new horizon
was opened to the Zionist emigration movement, where as Balfour declaration
was supplemented to the British Mandate, whose 6th article stipulates that the
British administration would facilitate the emigration by providing suitable
prerequisites and encourage - in cooperation with the Jewish Agency - the settling of the Jews in governmental and deserted lands as well as lands not required for the public usage.
The 7th article stipulates that the Palestinian nationality to be granted to the Jewish immigrants.
For the success of the Zionist project, the United States and some western countries started to limit the Jewish immigration to their countries in order to force them to immigrate to Palestine.
The third immigration wave during (1919- 1923):
The number of immigrants was 35 thousand. Most of them came from
Russia, Romania and Poland, in addition to few numbers from Lithuania,
Germany and the United States.
The fourth immigration wave during (1924- 1932)
During this period, about 89 thousand Jews came to Palestine. The majority
belonged to the middle class and more their half came from Poland.
The immigrants started to establish their own small scale investment projects
The flux of the immigrants reached its climax in 1925 and later their
number increased to 33 thousand, while in 1926 it dropped to 13 thousand.
In 1927 their number decreased to three thousand, then two thousand in 1928
The fifth immigration wave during (1933 - 1939):
The number of its immigrants reached 215 thousand. Their majority
emigrated from different territories in Middle Europe because they
were affected by the Nazist reign on Germany (about 45 thousand from Germany)
In 1935, the emigration reached its climax for it witnessed the arrival
of 62 thousand then it started to diminish because of the revolution
that flared in Palestine in 1936.
Its worth mentioning that the Zionist organization and the Jewish
agency succeeded in reaching a deal with the German Nazists to allow
the German Jews to emigrate and permitted them to take their money.
Accordingly, they were able to let out 32 thousand million pounds.
The sixth immigration wave during (1939 - 1948):
It started during the 2nd world War and lasted till the creation of Israel.
The transfer of immigrants was either by sea or land to reach their
destinations. During the years of the War, 15 thousand illegal immigrants
were transferred to Palestine.
British s revealed that the British Navy assigned to watch the Palestinian
shores to suppress any attempt of illegal immigration - depending on
the reports by the British government - used to help the immigrants
and supplying them with provisions and fuels. In addition, it led the
immigrants to the Palestinian coasts and carried out improper search operations on them.
In summer 1943 the British Government informed its embassy in
Turkey to give the Jews permissions to enter Palestine especially
those who escaped from the lands occupied by Nazists.
In 1944 the United States helped the Jews to get out from the lands
occupied by the Nazist and even it set a special service for this purpose
concerning those who immigrated during the war.
The American President, Truman demanded to allow 100 thousand Jews to
immigrate to Palestine according to the decisions of the Baltimores program.
Consequently, an Anglo - American investigation committee was composed to
examine whether Palestine can absorb the homeless European Jews.
At the beginning of May 1946, the committee recommended Trumans proposal.
The Jewish population in Palestine pre 1948
The blue spots = Jewish population
1948
1837
" "
ʡ
1860 1500 1881
ӡ 1859 ӡ
" " 1855
ǡ 1859 ϡ .
(18821903):
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25 .
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.
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1919 1948
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35 ɡ ǡ
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(19241932:(
89 .
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13 1926. 1927
. 1927 ݡ 1928.
(19331939):
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45 .
1935 62 . 1936 .
. 32
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1943
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1944 ɡ
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1946 .
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:
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(1500) (10000) 1840 15
1860 22 1881. 1882
(25) 1903.
:
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1911-1914.
.
http://www12.0zz0.com/2012/03/28/16/837344089.jpg
1. 1882-1903:
(25)
.
2. 1904-1918:
ɡ (40)
.
1914 (85)
418 44 .
3. 1919-1923:
(35) .
.
4. 1924-1932:
. (89)
.
1925 (33) (13 )
1924 (13) 1926.
1927 ߡ
1928.
(175) 136 19
110 .
5. 1933-1939: (215)
. (45) .
1938 52% .
1933 (75)
1935 (62) ǡ 1936
(2) 1920 1936.
(2) : 1920-1936
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(55)
.
1940-1948 (120)
(625) ǡ .
: ( ) . 1998.
(4) 1919-1936 .
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: (2) (3) (4) (5) :
1981 74-75-76.
* 1948-1967
1948
1950 : "
. ".
1952 .
ϡ .
(5) 1948-1967
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:
:
(700) (650)
1948 :
1. .
2. 1948 (118)
1948-1951.
3.
.
4. .
: 1952-1954
.
: (1955-1957)
.
: 1957
.
: 1961 (50 ) 1961 1965.
(6) 1882-1993 ( )
http://www12.0zz0.com/2012/03/28/17/121532526.jpg
http://www12.0zz0.com/2012/03/28/17/970836059.jpg
http://www12.0zz0.com/2012/03/28/17/848962137.jpg
(7) ȡ
ڡ 1993 (5.327.600)
81.4% 18.6%
(172.000) .
1967 15.4%.
7 ȡ 8/11/1948 1993( )
http://www12.0zz0.com/2012/03/28/17/566267205.jpg
http://www12.0zz0.com/2012/03/28/17/111529399.jpg
http://www12.0zz0.com/2012/03/28/17/513394543.jpg
http://www12.0zz0.com/2012/03/28/17/254239837.jpg
: statistical Abstract of Israel, No.45(1994),p.43
1967
( 70.000 1967 155.500 1993).
1982
( 16.500 1993).
(8) 1948
(52.1% 1961).
(8) ɡ ɡ ( )
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http://www12.0zz0.com/2012/03/28/17/944571239.jpg
ߡ
(44.2 % 47.4% 1972).
.
1993 (39.9% 36.3%)
5.5% 1961 23.8% 1993.
(9) .
( 1948) (60.9% 1993).
(9) 1993
10 ( )
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37.1% ( ) 23.8%
.
ǡ 15 1948 1993 ʡ
ɡ ɡ .
15.4% .
ɡ
.
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1948
.
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" "
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" " ɡ ϡ
62%
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17% 7 ""
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67 44% 7%
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77% 1% 54%
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(90%)
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25% 10 ʡ 13 %
37% .
10%
ɡ
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10%
.
http://albayan.co.uk/article.aspx?ID=1198
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.
600 "" :-
*13 () 37 .
*55 . 86 .
"" .
.
11 .
(11):
http://www13.0zz0.com/2012/03/31/06/932527961.jpg
: American Sephardi Federation, Jewish Agency forIsrael and Center Bureau of Statistics
http://www.us.israel.org/jsource/immigration/FSU.html
: ɡ ɡ 38 1999 80+ 124.
" " 2001 73% .
2020 68%
- .
( ) 51%
42% ǡ .
12: " " "" 2000 2020
http://www13.0zz0.com/2012/03/31/06/899342938.jpg
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: : 2000-2020" "
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30-40
100 .
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17 ɡ 32% 1997.
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: :
www.sis.gov.ps.
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30-40
100 .
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: :
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15/5/1948 " " " " .( - - ɡ 1980 217)
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http://www13.0zz0.com/2012/03/31/07/490356135.jpg
:.... The Conspiracy
:... The Beginning
:... Planning
: .... The Conspiracy
:... The Gang
:
World Zionist Organization WZO
Jewish Colonization Association
1891
Hasho-meer
" " The Haganah
Irgon " "1931
" " The Levi1940
1948
The Conspiracy
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http://www7.0zz0.com/2012/04/01/07/118992473.gif
Planning
Zionism and the Creation of Israel
Rabbi Yehudah Alkalai
(1798-1878)
" "
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1843 ( (1798-1878)
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(Rabbi Tzevi Hirsh Kalischer (Kalisher
(1795-1874)
אין גרסת רזולוציה גבוהה יותר.
Life
Kalischer was born in Lissa (Leszno) in the PrussianProvince of Posen. Destined for the rabbinate, he received his Talmudic education from Jacob of Lissa and Rabbi Akiva Eiger of Posen. After his marriage he left Lissa and settled in Toruń, where he spent the rest of his life. Here he took an active interest in the affairs of the Jewish community, and for more than forty years held the office of Rabbinatsverweser ("acting rabbi"). Disinterestedness was a prominent feature of his character; he refused to accept any remuneration for his services. His wife, by means of a small business, provided their meager subsistence.Works
In his youth he wrote Eben Bochan, a commentary on several juridical themes of the Shulkhan Arukh, Choshen Mishpat (Krotoschin, 1842), and Sefer Moznayim la-Mishpat, a commentary, in three parts on the whole Choshen Mishpat' (parts i. and ii., Krotoschin and Königsberg, 1855; part iii. still in manu******). He also wrote: Tzvi L'Tzadik (צבי לצדיק) glosses on the Shulkhan Arukh, Yoreh De'ah, published in the new Vilna edition of that work; the Sefer ha-Berit[1] commentary on the Pentateuch; the Sefer Yetzi'at Mitzrayim commentary on the Passover Pesach Haggadah; Chiddushim on several Talmudical treatises; etc. He also contributed largely to Hebrew magazines, as Ha-Maggid, Tziyyon, Ha-'Ibri, and Ha-Lebanon.Views on the re-settlement of the Land of Israel
Inclined to philosophical speculation, Kalischer studied the systems of medieval and modern Jewish and Christian philosophers, one result being his Sefer Emunah Yesharah an inquiry into Jewish philosophy and theology (2 vols., Krotoschin, 1843, 1871); an appendix to volume 1 contains a commentary (incomplete) on Job and Ecclesiastes. In the midst of his many activities, however, his thoughts centered on one idea: the settlement of the Land of Israel by Jews, in order to provide a home for the homeless Eastern European Jews and transform the many Jewish beggars in the Holy Land into a population able to support itself by agriculture.
He began writing in the Ha-Levanon Hebrew (at that period, a renovated language) monthly magazine.[2] In 1862 he published his book Drishat Tzion[3] on this subject, including many quotes from his commentaries in the Ha-Levanon magazine..
He proposed:
1. To collect money for this purpose from Jews in all countries;
2. To buy and cultivate land in Palestine;
3. To found an agricultural school, either in Palestine itself or in France; and
4. To form a Jewish military guard for the security of the colonies.
He thought the time especially favorable for the carrying out of this idea, as the sympathy of men like Isaac Mose Crmieux, Moses Montefiore, Edmond James de Rothschild, and Albert Cohn rendered the Jews politically influential. To these and similar Zionist ideals he gave expression in his Derishat Zion (Lyck, 1862),[4] containing three theses:
1. The salvation of the Jews, promised by the Prophets, can come about only in a natural way by self-help;
2. Colonization in Palestine;
The appendix contains an invitation to the reader to become a member of the colonization societies of Palestine.
The second part of the book is devoted to speaking to "the nations" who believe in the bible and the prophets, and persuading them, that this new course in history is a logical one, and that they too can hope for the salvation of the Jewish nation as part of the salvation of the entire world.[5]
This book made a very great impression, especially in the Eastern Europe. It was translated into German by Poper (Toruń, 1865), and a second Hebrew edition was issued by N. Friedland (ib. 1866). Kalischer himself traveled with indefatigable zeal to various German cities for the purpose of establishing colonization societies. It was his influence that caused Chayyim Lurie, in Frankfort-on-the-Main in 1861, to form the first society of this kind, and this was followed by others.
Owing to Kalischer's agitation, the Alliance Isralite Universelle founded the Mikveh Israel agricultural school, the rabbinate of which was offered to him, but he was too old to accept it. Although all these endeavors were not attended with immediate success, Kalischer never lost hope. By exerting a strong influence upon his contemporaries, including such prominent men as Heinrich Grätz, Moses Hess (see Rome and Jerusalem, pp. 117 et seq.), and others, he is considered to have been one of the most important of those who prepared the way for the foundation of modern Zionism.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvi_Hirsch_Kalischer
Theodor (Binyamin Zeev) Herzl(1860-1904)
.
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1878 1884.
.
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.
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Leon (Yehuda Leib) Pinsker (1821-1891)
() 1821 ǡ ɡ 1849.
.
ʡ 1871 ̡ ̡ 1881 ɡ ɡ ǡ .
ǡ " " . ( )
Moses Hess משה הס(1812- 1875)
" ... ǡ ɡ .
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Achad Ha'am (Asher Ginsberg (1856 -1927)
Ahad Ha-Am " " AsherZvl Ginsberg . ...
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http://ainshams.alafdal.net/t293-topic
Arthur Ruppin (1876-1943)
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Zeev (Vladimir) Jabotinsky (1880 - 1940)
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http://www.knesset.gov.il/lexicon/arb/zabotinski.htm
http://www.hadielislam.com/arabic/index.php?pg=articles%2Farticle&id=31676
http://www11.0zz0.com/2012/04/03/14/508182854.gif
Chaim Weizmann (1874-1952)
1917, 1920 1946, 1949.
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_________________
:
1- ,
Chaim Weizmann , TheJewish Agency for Israel
The Department for Jewish Zionist Education
2- ɡ ѡ 51 - 80.
3
http://www.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/8216BD48-AB8F-43CD-A49B-76C5AE479C4F.htm
http://www11.0zz0.com/2012/04/03/14/982587494.jpg
David Ben Gurion (1886-1973)
" () " ( ) 1886.
:
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ǡ 30 98 . : " " ( 18/01/2004).
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______________
:
1-
Levi Eshkol (1895-1969)
1895 . ( ) . 1914 . . ().
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