اضافات :
نقرا من Christianity in western Arabia by John Turpin page 5
((Avoiding the evident difficulties of Nevo’s Quranic criticism and high level Byzantine politics, there is much to be said for combining Trimingham’s and Shahid’s seemingly opposed conclusions. Christianity played a more prominent role in Arabia than most scholars have suspected. Many Arabians, and some of Arabia, particularly in the northwest, were indeed “Christianized,” and for some, the Syriac language was indigenous enough to touch the soul. But Arabian identity, language, and religion was not uniform. There was never a complete Bible in northern or southern Arabic10 and it would be misleading to claim that “Arabia” was “Christianized.” Central and western Arabia, including Mecca and Yathrib (Medina) for instance, had contact with Christians and Jews, but were dominated by pagans with only vaguely monotheistic sensibilities. Jews were a significant presence, and Christianity, very little of which was Chalcedonian, faced a politicized divide between the Nestorian11 Church of the East in the east and miaphysite12 Syriac Orthodox Church in the west. Christianity, though spread broadly, was not universal, very divided, and, though a deep influence in the miaphysite northwest and the Nestorian northeast, did not penetrate the whole peninsula.))

و نقرا من نفس المصدر الصفحة 15- 16 :
((Surprisingly, even some recent studies are skeptical of any Christian presence in Hijaz before Muhammad.43 Waraqa ibn Nawfal, one of Muhammad’s wives’ cousins, was a Christian. Some sources, both Muslim and secular, identify him as a Jewish‐Christian Ebionite (Ebionites denied the deity of Christ), but sources are too limited to be certain.44 Mecca, where the Kaba already existed and which attracted polytheistic pilgrims in the name of Arab unity,45 was certainly in communication with nearby Najran, which after the martyrdoms of the 520s had become a center for Christian pilgrimage.
In the central plateau of Arabia, the “law of generation and decay” had more tribes to send out. After the Ghassanids moved to the north and west, the Tanukhids, connected with but separate from the Nestorian Lakhmids, took up space between the two, paralleling the Euphrates but further west.46 The Kalb and Taghlib nomadic tribes also confessed Christianity. The height of this penetration was the substantial conversion of the Kinda, a central Arabian power originally from south Arabia.47 But the death of their most powerful king in 528 opened the way for influence by the Quraysh. That tribe, into which Muhammad would be born, had more of an east‐ west orientation from the desert into its hub at Mecca, and did not profess Christianity.
Western Arabia was one of the least Christian portions of the region. Ghada Osman’s survey of Christianity in the region finds evidence of its existence that should be difficult to ignore, but that still demonstrates the distance of the faith from common life. Her study supports, in that one region, Trimingham’s assertion that Christianity did not touch the Arab soul. She finds that the two common themes of Christian conversion were travel to foreign lands and encounters with desert monks.48 Both experiences inspired dramatic personal conversions, but neither type permeated the tribal structure of society. Still, in Mecca and Medina, Christianity did exist. Both cities hosted a multiplicity of tribes, thrived on trade, and participated in cultural life from Himyar up through Hijaz. Later sources record historical Qurayshi intermarriage with Jews, Ethiopians, “Nabateans,” and “Christians.”49 Mecca had an Ethiopian cemetery, undoubtedly full of Christians (though the Ethiopians’ underclass status may have deterred urban Arabs from the faith))


بل و حتى اولئك النصارى العجم الذين كانوا من طبقة العبيد في مكة و غيرها كانت المعرفة عندهم سطحية جدا
نقرا من Mohammed in Medina page 315 , Montgomery Watt
((There were a few Christians in Mecca, of whom one, Khadijah’s cousin, Waraqah b. Nawfal, may have influenced Muhammad considerably; but the majority were probably Abyssinian slaves and not well instructed in the faith. Muhammad would also have seen something of Christianity while trading in Syria.))
https://academia.edu/resource/work/27834391

هذا وصلى الله على سيدنا محمد و على اله وصحبه وسلم